Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews

AbstractBackgroundXanthine oxidase-derived superoxide production and oxidative contributes to the development of diabetic complications including diabetic cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized that xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol(ALP) may decrease hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and ameliorate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis, attenuate the development of left ventricle(LV) diastolic dysfunction in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.MethodsControl SpragueDawley (C) or STZ-induced diabetic (D) rats were either untreated or treated with ALP (100 mg/kg/day) for four weeks starting at one week after STZ injection. Free 15-F2t-isoprostane (IsoP), a specific indicator of oxidative stress was measured by enzymatic immunoassay. The cardiomyocyte cross sectional area was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin stained paraffin-embedded...

AbstractHypoxia is believed to be a crucial factor involved in cell adaptation to environmental stress. Islet transplantation, especially when using immunoisolated islets, interrupts vascular connections, resulting in the substantially decreased delivery of oxygen and nutrients to islet cells. Insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells are known to be highly susceptible to oxygen deficiency. Such susceptibility to hypoxia is believed to be one of the main causes of beta-cell death in the post transplantation period. Different strategies have been developed for the protection of beta cells against hypoxic injury and for oxygen delivery to transplanted islets.The enhancement of beta cell defense properties against hypoxia...

AbstractBackgroundBoth vitamin D deficiency and inflammation have been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the major cause of death in diabetes. In this study, the effects of daily intake of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink (doogh) on systemic inflammatory biomarkers in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were investigated.Subjects and MethodsIn this 12-week randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT), T2D subjects received either plain doogh (PD; containing 170 mg calcium and no detectable vitamin D/250 mL, n1 = 50) or vitamin D3-fortified doogh (FD; containing 170 mg calcium and 500 IU/250 mL, n2 = 50) twice a day. Glycemic status, body fat mass (FM) and systemic inflammatory biomarkers including serum hsCRP, serum...

AbstractDiabetes is a disorder of energy metabolism associated with increased cancer risk but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In a prospective cohort of patients enrolled in the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry, we explored risk factors for cancer including drug usage in Type 2 diabetes (T2D). In a series of published papers, we reported a linear risk association of cancer with HbA1c with a threshold at 6.0-6.5% and non-linear risk associations of body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride and white blood cell count (WBC) in V or A shaped manners. Detailed pharmacoepidemiological analysis revealed...

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D insufficiency and type 2 diabetes are both common in Finland and low vitamin D status has been suggested as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to study the associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], a marker of vitamin D status, and glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes in a general population sample in Eastern Finland.MethodsCross-sectional analysis in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. A total of 850 men and 906 women, aged 53–73 years, were analyzed. Relative risk (RR) of prevalent diabetes was estimated as odds ratios by logistic regression. Associations between serum...